![]() In adult AML patients, high expression CK2α correlated with lower disease and overall survival compared to patients with low CK2α expression ( Kim et al., 2007). The Thr249 is located in the cytoplasmic loop between N-terminal extension (MSD1), which is unique to MRPs and the ABC core domains. The direct phosphorylation at Thr249 by CK2α increases doxorubicin efflux by ABCC1/MRP1. One of the substrates for CK2α is MRP1 and an increase in its transport function upon phosphorylation has been reported ( Stolarczyk et al., 2012). CK2 expression is upregulated in many cancers, including AML. CK2 is comprised of two catalytic subunits (α/α or α/α′) and two regulatory β subunits. Schuetz, in Advances in Cancer Research, 2015 3.3 Casein kinase 2 modulates MRP1 functionĬasein kinase 2 (CK2) is a ubiquitously expressed and constitutively active serine/threonine protein kinase, which regulates numerous cellular processes such as cell growth, proliferation, and survival owing to its large number of substrates ( Meggio & Pinna, 2003).
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